英語名人堂：穆斯塔法·凱末爾·阿塔土克

穆斯塔法·凱末爾·阿塔土克(土耳其語：Mustafa Kemal Atatürk，1881年5月19日—1938年11月10日)，土耳其革命家、改革家、作家，土耳其共和國締造者，土耳其共和國第一任總統(tǒng)、總理及國民議會議長。生于薩洛尼卡(今希臘境內(nèi))，木商家庭出身。1934年11月24日，土耳其國會向凱末爾賜予“Atatürk”一姓，在土耳其語“Ata”就是父親，“Atatürk”(阿塔土克)就是“土耳其人之父”之意。

凱末爾最為人所知是他在一戰(zhàn)杰出的軍事能力，同時伴隨著奧斯曼帝國的崩解，他帶領土耳其國民運動并成功在安卡拉建立獨立政府，他打敗當時協(xié)約國所帶領的同盟軍隊，并以杰出的優(yōu)越能力解放了國家并建立了現(xiàn)今的土耳其共和國，凱末爾當選為首任總統(tǒng)。執(zhí)政期間凱末爾施行了一系列改革，史稱凱末爾改革，使土耳其成為世俗國家，為土耳其的現(xiàn)代化奠定了良好的基礎。1938年11月10日在伊斯坦布爾去世，享年57歲。

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is the founder of the Republic of Turkey. His surname, Ataturk, means "Father of the Turks". He was born in 1881 in Salonika, then part of the Ottoman Empire. He had a long and active military career before entering politics. He was a visionary and revolutionary leader who swiftly modernized Turkey after becoming its first president. His legacy is seen throughout Turkish life today.

When Atatürk was 12, he joined a military school. He later graduated from a military academy in Istanbul in 1905. He quickly established his military reputation by fighting against the Italians in Libya in 1911, and in the Balkan Wars between 1912-1913. He became a hero by defending the Dardanelles against the Allies in 1915. Atatürk was promoted to general at the age of 35 because of his military skills.

Atatürk played a key role in the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1922). He started a nationalist revolution and successfully fought off European armies that had carved up and occupied Turkey after WWI. In 1921, he established a temporary government in Ankara. Two years later, in 1923, Turkey became a secular republic with Atatürk as its president. He remained in office until 1938.

As president, Mustafa Kemal's reforms secularized schools and encouraged education for girls. He also asked women to work to build Turkey's economy. He replaced Islamic courts with secular civil law and replaced Arabic script with a Latin-based Turkish alphabet. He also promoted a more western style of dressing. Atatürk died on November 10, 1938, aged5 57 years old. He remains a revered8 figure in Turkey.

1 Founder

n.創(chuàng)始者，締造者

參考例句：

He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被稱頌為佛羅倫薩畫派的鼻祖。

According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的傳說，羅穆盧斯是古羅馬的建國者。

2 modernized

使現(xiàn)代化，使適應現(xiàn)代需要( modernize的過去式和過去分詞 ); 現(xiàn)代化，使用現(xiàn)代方法

參考例句：

By 1985 the entire railway network will have been modernized. 等到1985年整個鐵路網(wǎng)就實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化了。

He set about rebuilding France, and made it into a brilliant-looking modernized imperialism. 他試圖重建法國，使它成為一項表面華麗的現(xiàn)代化帝業(yè)。

3 legacy

n.遺產(chǎn)，遺贈;先人(或過去)留下的東西

參考例句：

They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它們是我們祖先留下來的最寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。

He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他認為這筆遺產(chǎn)是天賜之物。

4 secular

n.牧師，凡人;adj.世俗的，現(xiàn)世的，不朽的

參考例句：

We live in an increasingly secular society.我們生活在一個日益非宗教的社會。

Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英國是個世俗主導的多元社會。

5 aged

adj.年老的，陳年的

參考例句：

He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老點了。

He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而記憶力還好。

6 dressing

n.(食物)調(diào)料;包扎傷口的用品，敷料

參考例句：

Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.別花那么多時間來打扮自己。

The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子們喜歡穿上媽媽舊時的衣服玩。

7 remains

n.剩余物，殘留物;遺體，遺跡

參考例句：

He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。

The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.殘羹剩飯喂狗了。

8 revered

v.崇敬，尊崇，敬畏( revere的過去式和過去分詞 )

參考例句：

A number of institutions revered and respected in earlier times have become Aunt Sally for the present generation. 一些早年受到尊崇的慣例，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成了這代人嘲弄的對象了。 來自《簡明英漢詞典》

The Chinese revered corn as a gift from heaven. 中國人將谷物奉為上天的恩賜。 來自辭典例句