58　頻度副詞　Track50

58　頻度副詞　Track50

表示動作發(fā)生的頻率或次數(shù)。

（1）頻度副詞的種類

1）表示確切頻率的副詞或短語

daily　weekly　monthly　yearly/annually　twice a week/month/year

2）表示不確切頻率的副詞

表示肯定：

always　often　usually　sometimes　occasionally

frequently　continually　repeatedly　once　ever

表示否定：

never　rarely　seldom

（2）頻度副詞在句中的位置

1）表示不確切頻率的副詞通常是用在句中的。而其在句中的確切位置，還與句中的動詞形式有關。具體來說有以下幾種情況：

①用在實義動詞之前，be（am，is，are，was，were）動詞和助動詞（will，should，have）之后。

a. I often do some shopping on weekends.

b. She is often late for school.

c. I have never seen him since we parted.　自從分別后我就再沒見過他。

②若句中的謂語動詞由多個部分組成，比如：will be done，should have done等，這時副詞一般要放在第一個助動詞之后。例如：

a. This project will never be finished.

b. You should never have trusted him.　你永遠都不應該相信他。

③在加強語氣的句子中，我們一般是把副詞放在第一個助動詞之前或be動詞之前。例如：

a. You really will get a reward one day.　總有一天你會遭到報應的。

b. —As a teacher, you should always be patient with students.

—I always have been patient.

④在只有助動詞而省去了實義動詞的句子中，副詞一定要放在這個助動詞之前。例如：

a. —You should have known better than to trust him.

你早就應該知道他這個人靠不住。

—I never will.　（省去了trust him）我今后再也不會相信他了。

b. —Can you find a place to park your car in the street?

—Yes, I usually can.

c. Plenty of teenagers with computer skills are skipping school, or at least deferring for a few years. But while some kids have found decent incomes without college, most never will.

很多具有電腦技術的青少年輟學或休學了，盡管有些孩子離開學校后找到了收入不菲的工作，但大多數(shù)永遠不會。

副詞也要用在省略了表語的be動詞之前。

—I hear that his American girlfriend used to be his English teacher.　我聽說他的美國女友曾是他的英語老師。

—No, she never was.　不，她從來不曾是。

2）表示確切頻率的副詞一般只能用于句末。例如：

a. Milk is delivered daily.　牛奶每天都送來。

不說：Milk is daily delivered.*

b. We have meetings twice a week.

比較：We often have meetings.

c. They will be paid yearly.

3）上述表示不確切頻率的副詞，有些也可以用于句首或句末。例如：

Often/Sometimes/Usually I work late into the night.

我常常/有時/通常工作到深夜。

often一般不單獨放在句末，而須加very或quite修飾。例如：

a. He comes late for school quite often.

b. Often he comes late for school.

c. He often comes late for school.

4）always可在句末，但不能放在句首，除非用在祈使句中。例如：

a. You always make the same mistakes.

b. You make the same mistakes always.

不說：Always you make the same mistakes.*

但在祈使句中，我們說：

Always remember not to argue with your boss.

5）在否定句中的頻度副詞

在否定句中，有的頻度副詞位于not之前，有的頻度副詞位于not之后。這主要是從意思上來判斷。一般來說，always要放在not之后（not always）；而often，sometimes，usually要放在not之前。例如：

a. He doesn't always leave before 6 o'clock, sometimes he works until 8 o'clock. （不總是）

b. His wife complains that he sometimes doesn't listen to her.?。ㄓ袝r不）

c. The history lectures sometimes aren't interesting.

歷史課有時很沒勁。

不說：...he doesn't sometimes listen to her.*

...aren't sometimes interesting.*

6）否定頻度副詞never，rarely，seldom有兩點須注意：

①不能再與否定詞not連用。例如：

不說：He doesn't seldom go out at night.*

應說：He seldom goes out at night. 他晚上很少出門。

②一般只用在句中。若放在句首，則句子要用部分倒裝。例如：

a. I have never heard such a story.　我從來沒聽說過這樣的故事。

b. Never have I heard such a story.

總的來說，對于頻度副詞在句中所使用的位置，我們應注意以下幾點：

1.表示不確切頻率的副詞通常用在句中，其在句中的具體位置又與句子的謂語動詞形式有關。

2.表示確切頻率的副詞一般只用在句末。

3.要注意否定詞與頻度副詞連用的位置關系。