59　程度副詞　Track51

59　程度副詞　Track51

表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的大小和程度，絕大多數(shù)程度副詞是用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞的。有些還可以修飾名詞。

（1）程度副詞的種類

absolutely　almost　completely　enough　entirely　extremely

fairly　far　just　much　nearly　only

rather　really　so　too　very　quite

表示否定：barely　scarcely　hardly

（2）程度副詞在句中的位置

程度副詞在句子里的使用位置較易掌握：放在它所修飾的詞之前。

1）一般直接放在所修飾的對(duì)象之前。例如：

修飾形容詞：

a. You are absolutely wrong.　你絕對(duì)錯(cuò)了。

b. I'm almost ready.　我差不多準(zhǔn)備好了。

修飾動(dòng)詞：

c. You can hardly expect her to be kind to you.　你很難指望她對(duì)你好。

d. I really like English.

修飾副詞：

e. He speaks English quite well.

既然程度副詞是放在所修飾的對(duì)象前面，在一個(gè)句子里，就會(huì)因?yàn)槌潭雀痹~位置的不同而導(dǎo)致句義發(fā)生變化。例如：

a. Only I saw him at the party last night. (Nobody else saw him.)

昨晚在晚會(huì)上，只有我見(jiàn)到他了。

b. I only saw him at the party last night. (I didn't talk to him.)

昨晚在晚會(huì)上，我只是看到他了。（并沒(méi)有跟他講話）

c. I saw only him at the party last night. (I didn't see any other friends.)　昨晚在晚會(huì)上，我只看到他在場(chǎng)。（其他朋友沒(méi)有來(lái)）

d. I saw him only at the party last night. (I didn't see him at other places.)　我昨晚只是在晚會(huì)上看到他了。（沒(méi)有在其他地方看到）

e. I saw him at the party only last night. (I didn't see him until last night.)　我直到昨晚那個(gè)晚會(huì)上才看見(jiàn)他。

2）enough的特殊用法

enough是個(gè)例外，它要放在所修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。例如：

a. He is not old enough to go to school.　他還沒(méi)到上學(xué)的年齡。

b. He didn't work quickly enough.

3）barely, scarcely, hardly不能與否定詞連用。

Because of his hearing loss, he scarcely hears me when I speak.

注意與否定頻度副詞rarely區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。

不說(shuō)：He hardly attends class.*

應(yīng)說(shuō)：He rarely attends class. 他很少去上課。

（3）可修飾名詞的程度副詞

這樣的程度副詞主要有：

quite　only　even　particularly　especially　almost　rather

quite some time　相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間

quite an expert　相當(dāng)了不起的專家

rather a bore　相當(dāng)令人討厭的人

rather a shame真可惜

注意：quite要置于a/an之前，rather可用在a/an前面或后面。

quite a nice day 天氣不錯(cuò)　不說(shuō)：a quite nice day*

rather a long way/a rather long way

a. I didn't expect to see him. It was quite a surprise.

我沒(méi)料到會(huì)見(jiàn)到他，真是讓人意外。

b. Vegetables, especially spinach （菠菜）, are good for health.

蔬菜，尤其是菠菜，有益于健康。

c. He is almost a child.　他差不多還是個(gè)孩子。

d. Only the boy knew how to get to the destination.

e. Even a boy knows the answer.

f. I can speak only English.