最高法發(fā)布減刑假釋新規(guī)

11月15日，最高人民法院召開新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，通報(bào)《最高人民法院關(guān)于辦理減刑、假釋案件具體應(yīng)用法律的規(guī)定》的有關(guān)情況。該規(guī)定將于2017年1月1日起施行。

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The top court has issued a revision to the regulation on seeking commutation of sentences and parole, specifying the circumstances to prevent unjust reduction of prison time.

最高法院發(fā)布了有關(guān)辦理減刑和假釋的法律規(guī)定，列出具體規(guī)定以防止不公正的減刑行為。

我們先說一說規(guī)定中涉及的三類刑罰變更執(zhí)行的行為：“減刑”(commutation of sentences或者h(yuǎn)ave someone's prison sentence commuted);“假釋”(release on parole);“暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行”(serve one's sentence outside of prison due to medical or other reasons)。

前幾年，許多職務(wù)犯罪(duty-related crimes)、金融犯罪(economic crimes)、涉黑犯罪(crimes involving mafia-like gangs)中的“有權(quán)人”和“有錢人”，較之普通罪犯減刑間隔時(shí)間短、減刑幅度大，假釋(be released on parole)和暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行(serve their sentences outside due to medical or other reasons)比例高。有的罪犯采取假計(jì)分、假立功、假鑒定等手段違法獲取減刑、假釋、暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行。

此次發(fā)布的《規(guī)定》對(duì)職務(wù)犯罪罪犯、黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織犯罪罪犯、金融犯罪罪犯以及嚴(yán)重危害國家安全犯罪、恐怖活動(dòng)犯罪、嚴(yán)重暴力性犯罪等依法應(yīng)當(dāng)從嚴(yán)控制減刑、假釋的罪犯，新增減刑起始時(shí)間、間隔時(shí)間、減刑幅度從嚴(yán)的規(guī)定。

《規(guī)定》明確對(duì)被判處終身監(jiān)禁的罪犯，在死刑緩期執(zhí)行期滿依法減為無期徒刑的裁定中，應(yīng)當(dāng)明確終身監(jiān)禁，不得再減刑或者假釋(those who served two-year reprieve after the death penalty will be commuted to life in prison and are not allowed further commutation or parole)。

《規(guī)定》明確，被判處死刑緩期執(zhí)行的罪犯減為無期徒刑或者有期徒刑后，實(shí)際執(zhí)行十五年以上，方可假釋(those being sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve should serve at least 15 years of prison time after commutations)，該實(shí)際執(zhí)行時(shí)間應(yīng)當(dāng)從死刑緩期執(zhí)行期滿之日起計(jì)算。