為保護珊瑚礁，夏威夷頒布法令禁用防曬霜

Howstuffworks網(wǎng)站截圖

In an effort to save its at-risk coral reefs, Hawaii has become the first state to pass a law banning specific sunscreen products.

為了拯救夏威夷瀕危的珊瑚礁，夏威夷州成為美國首個對特定防曬產(chǎn)品頒布禁令的州。

The new law prohibits the sale and distribution of sunscreens containing the chemicals oxybenzone and octinoxate. Scientists have found that these chemicals, when washed off the skin and into the ocean, can cause coral bleaching.

這項新法令禁止銷售含有氧苯酮和桂皮酸鹽的防曬產(chǎn)品?？茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)防曬產(chǎn)品中的這些成分從人類身上被沖洗到海水中以后會導(dǎo)致珊瑚白化。

Coral reefs are fragile, yet vital, parts of the world's ecosystems, and they support the highest marine biodiversity in the world. Reefs are also essential to more than half a billion people who depend on them for food, jobs and recreation — with an estimated economic impact of $375 billion a year.

珊瑚礁十分脆弱，作為世界生態(tài)環(huán)境重要的一部分，珊瑚礁維持著世界最高的海洋生物多樣性。同時，超過5億人的食物、工作以及娛樂都要仰仗珊瑚礁資源。據(jù)估算，珊瑚礁每年可以創(chuàng)造出3750億美元(合23769億元人民幣)的經(jīng)濟效益。

As early as the 1990s, scientists have examined the effects of sunscreen, and other personal products made with chemicals, on the environment. And a globe-spanning 2015 study examined coral reefs in the US Virgin Islands, Israel and Hawaii, and found that oxybenzone significantly leaches coral of nutrients. Some ecotourism sites and private resorts in the tropics already prohibit similar products.

在20世紀90年代初，科學(xué)家就調(diào)查出防曬霜和其他含有化學(xué)物質(zhì)的個人用品對環(huán)境的影響。然后在2015年全球范圍內(nèi)的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)在美屬維爾京群島、以色列和夏威夷群島，氧苯酮會極大地濾掉珊瑚的養(yǎng)分。在一些熱帶的生態(tài)旅游景點和私人度假村已經(jīng)禁止使用相似的防曬產(chǎn)品了。

Democrat Sen. Mike Gabbard of Hawaii introduced Senate Bill No. 2571, whose text states, "These chemicals have also been shown to degrade corals' resiliency and ability to adjust to climate change factors and inhibit recruitment of new corals."

夏威夷的民主黨議員邁克·加巴德提出了第2571號參議院法案，在法案中提到，“這些化學(xué)成分也會降低珊瑚的可恢復(fù)性和適應(yīng)氣候變化的能力，而且還會抑制新珊瑚的生長。”

"When you think about it, our island paradise, surrounded by coral reefs, is the perfect place to set the gold standard for the world to follow," Gabbard told the Honolulu Star-Advertiser.

加巴德告訴《檀香山星廣報》說：“想想看，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們被珊瑚礁圍繞的美麗家園正是全世界保護珊瑚礁的標桿和榜樣的不二之選。”

An NPR article found that the chemicals appear in "more than 3,500 of the world's most popular sunscreen products," including those produced by the brands Hawaiian Tropic, Coppertone and Banana Boat, and different estimates place the number of products between 40 and 70 percent of products currently on the market.

美國公共廣播電臺網(wǎng)站上的一篇文章指出，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)在“超過3500種全世界最暢銷的防曬產(chǎn)品”里都有出現(xiàn)，包括Hawaiian Tropic，Coppertone和Banana Boat等品牌，根據(jù)不同的估算結(jié)果，差不多有40%至70%的在售防曬產(chǎn)品都含有這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

The proposed ban fairly exhaustively "includes but is not limited to lotion, paste, balm, ointment, cream, solid stick applicator, brush applicator, roll-on applicator, aerosol spray, non-aerosol spray pump, and automated and manual mist spray."

這項禁令詳盡地“包含且不限于乳液、軟膏、體露、藥膏、乳霜、固體棒狀涂抹器、刷子涂抹器、走珠式涂抹器、氣體噴霧、非噴霧按壓式、自動或手動噴霧”。

The bill passed both chambers of the state legislature; Hawaii's 25 state senators voted for the bill unanimously, while only four of the 51 members of the state's House of Representatives voted against it. If signed by Governor David Ige, the bill will take effect Jan. 1, 2021, and Hawaii will become the first state to enact such a law, perhaps setting the stage for more coastal states to take action.

目前該州參眾兩院都投票通過了這項法令;其中夏威夷25位州參議員全票一致通過，而州眾議院51位成員中只有4位投了反對票。待夏威夷州長大衛(wèi)·伊格簽字后，這項法案將會在2021年1月1日正式生效，夏威夷也會成為第一個頒布這種法令的州，或許也為其他擁有珊瑚礁的州打下基礎(chǔ)。

Sunscreen is not the only factor putting reefs at risk; scientists have shown CO2 emissions and ocean temperatures also affect the ecosystems.

防曬霜并非危害珊瑚礁的唯一因素;科學(xué)家表示，二氧化碳的排放和海洋溫度的變化也會影響到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。