漢譯英翻譯練習(xí)（1） 新中國(guó)民族自治制度

 新中國(guó)建立了民族區(qū)域自治制度。在少數(shù)民族聚居地區(qū)設(shè)立自治機(jī)關(guān)，由當(dāng)?shù)孛褡遄约汗芾肀久褡宓膬?nèi)部事務(wù)。目前，全國(guó)共有159個(gè)民族區(qū)域自治地方，其中自治區(qū)5個(gè)，自治州30個(gè)，自治縣(旗)124個(gè)。民族區(qū)域自治地方根據(jù)《中華人民共和國(guó)民族區(qū)域自治法》行使各種自治權(quán)利，有權(quán)依照當(dāng)?shù)孛褡宓恼巍⒔?jīng)濟(jì)和文化的特點(diǎn)，制定自治條例和單行條例;在不違背憲法和法律的原則下，有權(quán)采取特殊政策和靈活措施;上級(jí)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)的決議、決定、命令、指示，如有不適合民族區(qū)域自治地方實(shí)際情況的，自治機(jī)關(guān)可以報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)變通執(zhí)行或停止執(zhí)行;自治機(jī)關(guān)有自主地管理本地方財(cái)政、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育事業(yè)的自治權(quán)利。在民族雜居散居地區(qū)，還建立了1500多個(gè)民族鄉(xiāng)，使雜居散居的少數(shù)民族能更好地享受平等的權(quán)利。

New China brought about the system of regional autonomy for national minorities. Organs of self-government were set up in regions where people of national minorities live in compact communities， and the internal affairs of the national minorities were handled by themselves. At present， there are throughout the country 159 national autonomous areas， including five autonomous regions， 30 autonomous prefectures and 124 autonomous counties (or banners)。 National autonomous areas exercise all rights of self-government in accordance with the Law of the People‘s Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy and may work out autonomous rules and specific regulations according to local political， economic and cultural characteristics. Without violating the Constitution and the law， autonomous regions have the right to adopt special policies and flexible measures; autonomous organs can apply for permission to make alterations or desist from implementing resolutions， decisions， orders and instructions made by higher-level state organs if they are not in accordance with the situation in autonomous regions. Organs of self-government have the right to handle local financial， economic， cultural and educational affairs. In regions where people of a number of ethnic groups live together or in scattered communities， more than 1，500 national townships were established so as to enable national minorities to enjoy equal rights to the fullest.