3名科學(xué)家因發(fā)現(xiàn)丙型肝炎病毒而獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)

3名科學(xué)家因發(fā)現(xiàn)丙型肝炎病毒而獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)

A Nobel Prize gold medal seen during the manufacturing process in the Swedish Mint. The medals, presented to each laureate, are made of 18 karat recycled gold and weigh 175 grams (6.13 ounces). The Economics medal weighs 185 grams (6.48 ounces).

在瑞典造幣廠制造過(guò)程中看到的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。頒發(fā)給每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩莫?jiǎng)牌由18克拉的回收黃金制成，重175克(6.13盎司)。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?wù)轮?85克(6.48盎司)。

Three scientists Monday won the 2020 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for discovering the hepatitis C virus, which led to the development of a test to prevent the spread of the virus and drugs that have saved millions of lives, the Nobel Assembly said.

諾貝爾大會(huì)說(shuō)，三名科學(xué)家因發(fā)現(xiàn)丙型肝炎病毒，于周一獲得2020年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這導(dǎo)致了一項(xiàng)防止病毒傳播的試驗(yàn)的發(fā)展，以及挽救了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人生命的藥物。

Harvey Alter of the National Institutes of Health; Michael Houghton, who is now at the University of Alberta in Canada; and Charles Rice, who is now at Rockefeller University in New York, will share the 10 million Swedish krona ($1.1 million) prize.

美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院的哈維·奧爾特、現(xiàn)在在加拿大阿爾伯塔大學(xué)的邁克爾·霍頓和現(xiàn)在在紐約洛克菲勒大學(xué)的查爾斯·賴斯將分享1000萬(wàn)瑞典克朗(110萬(wàn)美元)的獎(jiǎng)金。

Hepatitis C causes serious liver disease, which can be fatal. The virus is transmitted through contaminated water and bodily fluids, including blood. The discovery led to a test for the virus, which is now widely used to protect people from becoming infected through blood transfusions. The discovery also led to antiviral drugs to treat the infection.

丙型肝炎會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的肝臟疾病，這可能是致命的。該病毒通過(guò)受污染的水和包括血液在內(nèi)的體液傳播。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了對(duì)該病毒的測(cè)試，該病毒現(xiàn)在被廣泛用于保護(hù)人們不被輸血感染。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)還導(dǎo)致了治療這種感染的抗病毒藥物的出現(xiàn)。

"For the first time in history, the disease can now be cured, raising hopes of eradicating hepatitis C virus from the world population," the Nobel Committee said in a statement.

諾貝爾委員會(huì)在一份聲明中說(shuō):“歷史上第一次，這種疾病現(xiàn)在可以被治愈，為世界人口根除丙型肝炎病毒帶來(lái)了希望。”

As is customary, the announcement was made at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. The Nobels in physics, chemistry, literature and peace will be awarded this week, and the prize in economics will awarded next Monday.

按照慣例，這一通告是在斯德哥爾摩的卡羅林斯卡學(xué)院宣布的。物理學(xué)、化學(xué)、文學(xué)和和平獎(jiǎng)將于本周頒發(fā)，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)將于下周一頒發(fā)。

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine has been awarded to 219 scientists, including 12 women. The youngest laureate was 32 years old; the oldest 87.

自1901年以來(lái)，諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C發(fā)給了219位科學(xué)家，其中包括12位女性。最年輕的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咧挥?2歲;最年長(zhǎng)的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呤?7歲。

The World Health Organization estimates that 71 million people worldwide have chronic hepatitis C, which can lead to liver cancer and cirrhosis. There are approximately 400,000 deaths annually from the disease, according to WHO.

世界衛(wèi)生組織估計(jì)，全世界有7100萬(wàn)人患有慢性丙型肝炎，可能導(dǎo)致肝癌和肝硬化。據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織統(tǒng)計(jì)，每年約有40萬(wàn)人死于該病。

In the U.S., there are more than 50,000 cases of hepatitis C each year, a rate that continues to rise, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國(guó)每年有超過(guò)5萬(wàn)例丙肝病例，而且這一比例還在繼續(xù)上升。

While the drugs for hepatitis C are effective, their high cost — at tens of thousands of dollars per course of treatment — has limited their use both in the U.S. and in the developing world. The price has come down as more drugs are developed, but cost remains a significant barrier to many people with the disease.

盡管治療丙型肝炎的藥物是有效的，但它們高昂的成本——每個(gè)療程數(shù)萬(wàn)美元——限制了它們?cè)诿绹?guó)和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的使用。隨著研發(fā)出更多的藥物，價(jià)格有所下降，但對(duì)許多患者來(lái)說(shuō)，成本仍然是一個(gè)重大障礙。

"This has been a virus that has been a plague affecting millions of people, and still is unfortunately," Thomas Perlmann, secretary-general of the Nobel Assembly, said during an interview after the announcement.

諾貝爾委員會(huì)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)托馬斯·佩爾曼在諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)宣布后接受采訪時(shí)表示:“這是一種病毒，一種影響數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的災(zāi)難，不幸的是，現(xiàn)在仍然如此。”

Houghton, who is in his 60s, was born in the United Kingdom. Alter was born in 1935 and Rice in 1952, both in the United States.

霍頓60多歲，出生在英國(guó)。奧爾特于1935年出生，賴斯于1952年出生，兩人都出生于美國(guó)。

"The discovery of the hepatitis C virus revealed the cause of the remaining cases of chronic hepatitis and made possible blood tests and new medicines that have saved millions of lives," according to the announcement.

“丙型肝炎病毒的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了其余慢性肝炎病例的病因，使血液檢測(cè)和新藥成為可能，從而挽救了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命，”公告稱。